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下面小编跟大家一起了解考研英语中阅读文章的分析,希望对大家有所帮助。
①When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals: they suddenly became extinct
②Smaller species survived.
③The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction.④Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.
大家可以尝试按字面翻译:
①当史前人类到达世界新大陆的时,一些奇怪的事发生在大型动物身上:它们突然开始灭亡。②小型物种存活。③体型大且生长缓慢的动物是容易的游戏,以及被捕猎到灭亡。④现在,一些相似的事情也发生在海洋里。
参考译文:
当史前人类到达世界的新地方时,大型动物发生了一件奇怪的事情:它们突然灭绝了。较小型的物种存活了下来。这种生长缓慢的大型动物很容易成为猎物,很快就被猎杀殆尽。现在类似的事情可能正在海洋中发生。
核心词汇:
pre-historic adj. 史前的;远古的
happen to sb/sth 遭到;遇到
species n.种;物种
extinct adj.已灭绝的;绝种的
ocean n.大海;海洋
paragraph
①That the seas are being overfished has been known for years.
②What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing.
③They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world.
④Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time.
⑤According to their latest paper published inNature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation.⑥In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then
大家可以尝试按字面翻译:
①我们过分捕捞海洋里的生物已经很多年了。
②研究人员例如Ransom Myers 和Boris Worm给我们说明了这些快速的事情如何变化的。
③他们看来自全世界渔场半个世纪的数据。
④他们的方法不是为了评估在海洋的特定区域实际的生物总量,而是在这段时间生物总量的变化。⑤依据他们在Nature上发表的论文,在新鱼塘,大型捕食生物量在15年里平均减少了80%。⑥在一些长期捕鱼的区域,自从那以后又减少了一半。
参考译文:
多年来,人们都知道海洋正在被过度捕捞。兰森迈尔斯(Ransom Myers)和鲍里斯?沃姆(Boris Worm)等研究人员已经证明,事情正在发生多么迅速的变化。他们研究了半个世纪以来世界各地渔业的数据。他们的方法并不是试图估算特定海域鱼类物种的实际生物量(活生物物质的数量),而是估算生物量随时间的变化。根据他们在《自然》杂志上发表的新论文,大型食肉动物(杀死并吃掉其他动物的动物)在新渔场的生物量在开发利用的15年内平均减少了80%。在一些长期捕鱼的地区,自那时起,这个数字又减少了一半。
核心词汇:
overfishing n.捕捞过度
data n.数据;资料;材料
fishery n.渔场
estimate v.估计;估价;估算
attempt v.努力;尝试;试图
biomass n.生物量
pradator n.捕食者;捕食性动物
exploitation n.剥削;榨取;利用;开发
halve v.(使)减半
paragraph 3
①Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative.
②One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved.
③Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago.
④That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes.
⑤In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish.
⑥Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past.
⑦Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked.
⑧That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.
大家可以尝试按字面翻译:
①Worm博士承认这些数字是保守的。②一个原因是捕鱼技术已经提升。③当今的渔船使用satellites and sonar来寻找他们的猎物。④这就意味着海洋里更多的生物正在被捕获,所以现在和过去真正的差异是可能会更糟比起一份记录里记载的捕获大小⑤早些时候,渔船可能会装满鱼。⑥因此一些个别的鱼没有被捕获,因为没有鱼饵的钩子去诱惑它们,导致在过去鱼量的低估。⑦更进一步说,许多鱼在上钓后就被鲨鱼吃掉了。⑧这不再是一个问题,因为现在的鲨鱼少了。
参考译文:
沃姆博士承认这些数字是保守的。原因之一是捕鱼技术已经改进。今天的船只可以通过卫星和声纳找到猎物,这在50年前是不可能的。这意味着海洋中被捕获的生物比例更高,因此现在和过去之间的真实差异可能比捕获量变化所记录的更糟。在早期,多钩长线也会挂满更多的鱼。因此,有些鱼是不会被捕获的,因为没有带诱饵的鱼钩来捕捉它们,这导致人们低估了过去的鱼量。此外,在早期的长线捕鱼中,许多鱼在上钩后被鲨鱼吃掉。这不再是个问题,因为现在鲨鱼的数量减少了。
核心词汇:
prey n.猎物
conservative adj.低于实际数量的;保守的
figure n.数字;人物
vessel n.大船;轮船
sonar n.声纳
available adj.可获得的;可购得的;可找到的
size n.大量;大规模;大小
stock n.供应物;备用物;储备物
trap v.设陷阱捕捉;用捕捉器捕捉
saturate with sth 使充满;使饱和
longline n.多钩长线
futhermore adv.此外;而且;再者
paragraph 4
①Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account.②They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline”.③The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past.④That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels.⑤Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.
大家可以尝试按字面翻译:
①Myers 和 Worm博士认为他们的工作给未来管理一个正确的参考。②他们相信这些数据支持这个在海洋生物学家中的观点。③理念是人们没能探测到发生在海洋中的巨大改变,因为他们回顾了过去相对较短的时期。④当目标物种量大约为原来的50%时,理论指出很大化稳定来自渔场收获的产量会到来。⑤更多的渔场低于那个水平,这对做生意不是一种好方法。
参考译文:
迈尔斯博士和沃姆博士认为,他们的研究给出了一个正确的基线,未来的管理工作必须考虑到这一点。他们认为,这些数据支持了海洋生物学家目前的一种观点,即“基线移动”。这种观点认为,人们没有发现海洋中发生的巨大变化,因为他们只回顾了相对较短的时间。这一点很重要,因为理论表明,当目标鱼种的生物量约为其原始水平的50%时,渔场可收获的很大可持续产量才算达到。大多数渔场都远低于这一水平,这是一种糟糕的经营方式。
核心词汇:
baseline n.基础;起点
relatively adv.相当地;相对地
take sth into account 考虑到;估计
massive adj.巨大的
sustainable adj.可持续的
marine adj.海的;海产的;海生的
crop v.有收成
below prep.(数量)少于;(标准)低于