详情
工作效率问题是GMAT数学中常见的一个考点,在6月27日的考试中就有超学考生遇到一道以Data Sufficiency形式呈现的工作效率题。工作效率题以如果以Problem Solving的形式呈现,直接算出数值即可,难度系数通常较低,而以Data Sufficiency的形式呈现的时候,因为要判断条件充分性,会略有难度。考生需要在平时的训练中稳定做题思路,到了考场上才能灵活应对。
解决工作效率问题,我们只要把握一个基本公式:
工作时间=工作量/工作效率
Time=Job/Rate
1.Machine A,working alone at its constant rate, manufactures 280 bolts per hour, andmachine B, working alone at its constant rate, manufactures 220 bolts perhour. How many hours will it take formachines A and B, working together at their respective constant rates, tomanufacture 1,000 bolts?
A.1
B.1.3
C.1.5
D.1.8
E.2
这道题中已知RA=280,RB=220,两台机器同时工作的效率就是RA B=RA RB=500。工作量J=1000,T=J/RA B=1000/500=2,正确选项是E。
2.Running at their respective constant rates,machine X takes 2 days longer to produce w widgets than machine Y.At these rates,if the two machines together produce 5/4 w widgets in 3 days,how many days would it take machine X alone to produce 2w widgets?
A.4
B.6
C.8
D.10
E.12
假设完成w widgets,machine Y需要的时间的TY1,那么machine X完成w widgets需要的时间的TX1=TY1 2。Rx1=w/(TY1 2),Ry1=w/TY1,题目中的if the two machines together produce 5/4 w widgets in 3 day我们可以列出式子:
计算出TY1=4,TX1=6,RX=w/6,那么X 独自完成2w widgets的时间就是12,正确选项是E。
3.A company hastwo types of machines, type Aand type B. Operating at a constant rate, a machine of type Adoes a certain job in36 hours and a machine of type Bdoes the same job in 18 hours. If the company used the same number of eachtype of machine to do the job in 2 hours, how many machines of type Awereused?
A.3
B.4
C.6
D.9
E.12
A机器独自完成需要的时间是36h,B机器独自完成需要的时间是18h,根据Time=Job/Rate,我们可以推导出一台A加一台B一起完成该项工作需要的时间是h。现在需要把总时间缩减到2h,那么就需要6组这样的机器同时工作。所以需要A机器6台加B机器6台。正确选项是C,注意不能误选成E 12台,题目求的只是A机器的数量。
也可以用一次方程,设所求值为。
4.Working together, Machine A and Machine B can produce a total of 200 widgets in 4 hours. How many hours would it take Machine A, working alone, to produce 200 widgets?
(1) Working alone, Machine B takes 5 hours to produce 50 widgets.
(2) Machine A can produce 4 widgets in the same amount of time it takes Machine B to produce 1 widget.
A.Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is NOT sufficient.
B.Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is NOT sufficient.
C.BOTH statements 1 and 2 TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
D.Each statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.
E.Statement 1 and 2 TOGETHER are NOT sufficient to answer the question.
根据题干信息可知RA B=RA RB=50。题目求生产200 widgets需要机器A独自工作多久,那么我们必须要知道RA.
根据条件1可知RB=50/5=10,那么结合题干中的RA RB=50是可以求出RA的,故条件(1)充分。
根据条件2可知RA=4RB,结合题干中的RA RB=50也是可以求出RA,故条件(2)充分。
综上,正确选项是D。
5.Machine A and machine B work at their respective constant rates. How much time does it take machine A, working alone, to complete a certain job?
(1) The amount of time that it takes machine B, working alone, to complete the job is 3/4 the amount of time that it takes machine A, working alone, to complete the job
(2)Machine A and machine B, working together, take 12 minutes to complete the job
A.Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is NOT sufficient.
B.Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is NOT sufficient.
C.BOTH statements 1 and 2 TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
D.Each statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.
E.Statement 1 and 2 TOGETHER are NOT sufficient to answer the question.
题目求完成一个工作量,需要机器A独自工作多久,即求TA.
根据条件1可知TB=TA*3/4,无法求出TA的,故条件(1)不充分。
根据条件2可知1/(1/TB 1/TA)=12,无法求出TA,故条件(2)不充分。
但结合条件1,2我们可以求出TA、TB。(注意避免不必要的运算,数据充分性不需要算出后的数值)
综上,正确选项是C。
工作效率问题我们今天分享这么多。GMAT考生在平时的数学备考中,需要训练自己举一反三的能力,固化自己的解题步骤,甚至包括打草稿的格式,只有平时做好充分准备,到了考场在紧张的考试氛围下才能做到不慌不忙、从容应对。