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今天咱们继续讨论“GRE考试到底难在哪里”这个话题。前两天我们分别讨论了单词和做题时间的问题,并给出了相应的解决方案,今天咱们说说导致GRE变难的后一个因素:逻辑。
我们思考一个问题,什么是GRE的逻辑?首先,我们看一下ETS对于考生应具备能力的解释:
Verbal Reasoning— Measures the ability to analyze and draw conclusions from discourse, reason from incomplete data, understand multiple levels of meaning, such as literal, figurative and author’s intent, summarize text, distinguish major from minor points, understand the meanings of words, sentences and entire texts, and understand relationships among words and among concepts. There is an emphasis on complex verbal reasoning skills.
Quantitative Reasoning— Measures the ability to understand, interpret and analyze quantitative information, solve problems using mathematical models, and apply the basic concepts of arithmetic, algebra, geometry and data analysis. There is an emphasis on quantitative reasoning skills.
Analytical Writing— Measures critical thinking and analytical writing skills, including the ability to articulate and support complex ideas with relevant reasons and examples, and examine claims and accompanying evidence. There is an emphasis on analytical writing skills.
就语文部分而言,翻译一下就是:文本分析能力,并根据文本得出结论,根据不完整数据进行推理,理解信息的多层内涵,包括字面意思、比喻意义和作者意图,总结文本,区分主要观点和次要观点,理解单词、句子和整篇文章,理解词与词之间、不同概念之间的关系。这就是verbal 考试所强调的推理技能。总的来说就是:
(1)不仅要看懂文章,还要看懂不同信息之间的关系;
(2)不仅要理解作者的字面含义,还要理解作者的深层含义和言外之意;
(3)不仅要看懂文章每句话讲的是什么,还要根据每句话内容总结文章主旨大意;
(4)要知道文章主要观点和次要观点,并可以根据不完整的已知信息推理
举个简单的例子,下面这两句话选自一篇GRE阅读:
Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it be analyzed in a religious, as well as secular, frame of reference. But before Wagner a secular outlook that analyzed Black poetry solely within the context of political and social protest was dominant in the field.
对于上文,我们需要知道:
(1)汉语意思:JW对A诗歌研究持久的贡献是坚持在宗教和世俗的大框架里分析A诗歌。但是在W之前,世俗观点在该领域已经占据主导地位,世俗观点仅仅在政治和社会抗争的背景下分析黑人诗歌。
(2)文章一共讲了两个信息:一,JW对A诗歌的贡献是坚持宗教和世俗的分析框架;第二,JW之前世俗已经存在。
(3)作者的主要观点:JW对A诗歌的贡献是坚持宗教和世俗的分析框架。
(4)作者的言外之意(即,根据已知信息可以得出、但是作者并未明说的信息):JW**的应该是宗教的分析角度。因为在JW之前,已经存在世俗的观点,所以宗教是JW**的观点。
上面这些信息,你都看出来了吗?
这就是GRE强调的逻辑。对考生们而言,需要在考试的时候用很短的时间分析出这些信息,不仅要求我们具备极强的语言功底(也就是单词量过关、长难句过关),更需要我们具备灵活的思维。但是,只是语言功底这一条已经难倒了一大波考生。
因此,在语言功底过关的情况下,建议考生们一定系统学习GRE的解题方,特别是阅读和填空部分,掌握了核心的解题方,对于GRE所考察的逻辑就可以系统掌握,题目自然迎刃而解。其次,学习方之后,务必要进行大量刷题,所谓实践出真知,就是这个道理。